ALTER DATABASE 디비명 SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
불완전한 트랜잭션이 롤백되고 있습니다. 예상 롤백 완료율: 0%.
불완전한 트랜잭션이 롤백되고 있습니다. 예상 롤백 완료율: 100%.
오프라인 오래 걸려서 구글링 하니 나옴..
ALTER DATABASE 는 트랜잭션이 Commit , Rollback 되어야 실행되기 때문에 처리가 지연된다.
대칭키를 이용한 DB 암호화 처리 작업 시
아래와 같이 대칭키와 인증서 OPEN 후 암복호화를 해야하는 것으로 알고 있었음.
OPEN SYMMETRIC 대칭키이름 DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE 인증서이름;
그런데 문제는 일반 프로시저나 웹 소스에서는 문제가 없으나
외부에 뷰테이블 형태로 제공하는 데이터가 있었는데 뷰테이블에서는
그때까지만 해도.. OPEN SYMMETRIC 을 할수 없는게..아닌가..하고 난감했지만..
https://docs.microsoft.com/ko-kr/sql/t-sql/functions/decryptbykeyautocert-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017
DecryptByKeyAutoCert 내장 함수를 사용하면 가능해진다는 것..
--Create the keys and certificate. USE AdventureWorks2012; CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'mzkvdlk979438teag$$ds987yghn)(*&4fdg^'; OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'mzkvdlk979438teag$$ds987yghn)(*&4fdg^'; CREATE CERTIFICATE HumanResources037 WITH SUBJECT = 'Sammamish HR', EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2009'; CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01 WITH ALGORITHM = DES ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037; GO ----Add a column of encrypted data. ALTER TABLE HumanResources.Employee ADD EncryptedNationalIDNumber varbinary(128); OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01 DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037 ; UPDATE HumanResources.Employee SET EncryptedNationalIDNumber = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('SSN_Key_01'), NationalIDNumber); GO -- --Close the key used to encrypt the data. CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01; -- --There are two ways to decrypt the stored data. -- --OPTION ONE, using DecryptByKey() --1. Open the symmetric key --2. Decrypt the data --3. Close the symmetric key OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01 DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037; SELECT NationalIDNumber, EncryptedNationalIDNumber AS 'Encrypted ID Number', CONVERT(nvarchar, DecryptByKey(EncryptedNationalIDNumber)) AS 'Decrypted ID Number' FROM HumanResources.Employee; CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01; -- --OPTION TWO, using DecryptByKeyAutoCert() SELECT NationalIDNumber, EncryptedNationalIDNumber AS 'Encrypted ID Number', CONVERT(nvarchar, DecryptByKeyAutoCert ( cert_ID('HumanResources037') , NULL ,EncryptedNationalIDNumber)) AS 'Decrypted ID Number' FROM HumanResources.Employee;
MS-SQL Linked Server 사용자 매핑 설정하는 방법 ( 접속자별 권한 설정 )
개요
사용자 매핑을 사용하지 않고 단순 원격서버에 대한 로그인정보로 Linked Server를 연결하여 보안 셋팅 없이 경우 모든 사용자가 Linked Server에 대한 권한을 동일하게 갖게 되므로 보안 이슈가 발생할 수 있다.
▼ 흔히 인터넷상에서 알려주는 Linked Server 연결 방법.
문제점 확인 및 문제 발생 상황
위와 같은 방법으로 Linked Server를 설정 할 경우 모든 사용자가 같은 계정으로 원격 서버에 접속하기 때문에 여러 권한 관련 보안 이슈가 발생할 수 있게 된다.
DBA가 없는 규모가 작거나 사수가 없는 경우 혹은 별도 교육을 통하지 않는 경우 사실상 세부 옵션을 알아서 사용하기가 어렵기 때문에 위의 방법으로 연결해서 사용하던 때가 있었으나 외부에 뷰테이블 형태로 제공되는 서비스가 생기면서 해당 이슈가 발생되었다.
Linked Server 권한 문제 해결방법
해결방법은 이미 위에 옵션 화면에 노출되어있는데
로컬 서버 로그인과 원격 서버 로그인 매핑 옵션을 이용해야한다.
이말은 SQL Server에 로그인된 사용자 별로 Linked Server 연결 아이디를 다르게 하고 매핑에 등록되지 않은 사용자의 경우 아래에 옵션에 해당하는 연결을 한다는 의미이다.
로컬 로그인 사용자를 선택하고 원격 사용자와 암호를 입력한다.
로컬 로그인의 경우 등록된 계정을 사용하기 때문에 콤보박스에서 선택하면 됨.
입력된 결과이며 여러개 중복 등록이 가능하므로 사용자 별로 Linked Server 의 접속 계정을 설정하여 권한 및 보안 설정이 가능하다.
그리고 그외의 접속에 대해서는 연결을 하지 않거나 하는 등의 설정이 아래 옵션에서 처리가 가능하니 참고.
상세한 내용은 아래 링크를..
https://docs.microsoft.com/ko-kr/previous-versions/sql/sql-server-2008-r2/ms188477(v%3dsql.105)
테이블 정의서.sqlDeclare @i Int, @maxi Int
Declare @j Int, @maxj Int
Declare @sr int
Declare @Output nvarchar(4000)
--Declare @tmpOutput varchar(max)
Declare @SqlVersion varchar(5)
Declare @last varchar(155), @current varchar(255), @typ varchar(255), @description nvarchar(4000)
create Table #Tables (id int identity(1, 1), Object_id int, Name varchar(155), Type varchar(20), [description] nvarchar(4000))
create Table #Columns (id int identity(1,1), Name varchar(155), Type Varchar(155), Nullable varchar(2), [description] nvarchar(4000))
create Table #Fk(id int identity(1,1), Name varchar(155), col Varchar(155), refObj varchar(155), refCol varchar(155))
create Table #Constraint(id int identity(1,1), Name varchar(155), col Varchar(155), definition varchar(1000))
create Table #Indexes(id int identity(1,1), Name varchar(155), Type Varchar(25), cols varchar(1000))
If (substring(@@VERSION, 1, 25 ) = 'Microsoft SQL Server 2005')
set @SqlVersion = '2005'
else if (substring(@@VERSION, 1, 26 ) = 'Microsoft SQL Server 2000')
set @SqlVersion = '2000'
else
set @SqlVersion = '2005'
Print '<head>'
Print '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />'
Print '<title>::' + DB_name() + '::</title>'
Print '<style>'
Print 'body {'
Print 'font-family:verdana;'
Print 'font-size:9pt;'
Print '}'
Print 'td {'
Print 'font-family:verdana;'
Print 'font-size:9pt;'
Print '}'
Print 'th {'
Print 'font-family:verdana;'
Print 'font-size:9pt;'
Print 'background:#d3d3d3;'
Print '}'
Print 'table'
Print '{'
Print 'background:#d3d3d3;'
Print '}'
Print 'tr'
Print '{'
Print 'background:#ffffff;'
Print '}'
Print ' </style>'
Print '</head>'
Print '<body>'
set nocount on
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #Tables (Object_id, Name, Type, [description])
--FOR 2000
select object_id(table_name), '[' + table_schema + '].[' + table_name + ']',
case when table_type = 'BASE TABLE'then 'Table' else 'View' end,
cast(p.value as nvarchar(4000))
from information_schema.tables t
left outer join sysproperties p on p.id = object_id(t.table_name) and smallid = 0 and p.name = 'MS_Description'
order by table_type, table_schema, table_name
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #Tables (Object_id, Name, Type, [description])
--FOR 2005
Select o.object_id, '[' + s.name + '].[' + o.name + ']',
case when type = 'V' then 'View' when type = 'U' then 'Table' end,
cast(p.value as nvarchar(4000))
from sys.objects o
left outer join sys.schemas s on s.schema_id = o.schema_id
left outer join sys.extended_properties p on p.major_id = o.object_id and minor_id = 0 and p.name = 'MS_Description'
where type in ('U', 'V')
order by type, s.name, o.name
end
Set @maxi = @@rowcount
set @i = 1
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="550px" align="center"><tr><td colspan="3" style="height:50;font-size:14pt;text-align:center;"><a name="index"></a><b>Index</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="550px" align="center"><tr><th>Sr</th><th>Object</th><th>Type</th></tr>'
While(@i <= @maxi)
begin
select @Output = '<tr><td align="center">' + Cast((@i) as varchar) + '</td><td><a href="#' + Type + ':' + name + '">' + name + '</a></td><td>' + Type + '</td></tr>'
from #Tables where id = @i
print @Output
set @i = @i + 1
end
print '</table>'
set @i = 1
While(@i <= @maxi)
begin
--table header
select @Output = '<tr><th align="left"><a name="' + Type + ':' + name + '"></a><b>' + Type + ':' + name + '</b></th></tr>', @description = [description]
from #Tables where id = @i
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td align="right"><a href="#index">Index</a></td></tr>'
print @Output
print '</table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Description</b></td></tr><tr><td>' + isnull(@description, '') + '</td></tr></table>'
--table columns
truncate table #Columns
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #Columns (Name, Type, Nullable, [description])
--FOR 2000
Select c.name,
type_name(xtype) + (
case when (type_name(xtype) = 'varchar' or type_name(xtype) = 'nvarchar' or type_name(xtype) ='char' or type_name(xtype) ='nchar')
then '(' + cast(length as varchar) + ')'
when type_name(xtype) = 'decimal'
then '(' + cast(prec as varchar) + ',' + cast(scale as varchar) + ')'
else ''
end
),
case when isnullable = 1 then 'Y' else 'N'end,
cast(p.value as nvarchar(4000))
from syscolumns c
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = c.id
left outer join sysproperties p on p.id = c.id and p.smallid = c.colid and p.name = 'MS_Description'
where t.id = @i
order by c.colorder
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #Columns (Name, Type, Nullable, [description])
--FOR 2005
Select c.name,
type_name(user_type_id) + (
case when (type_name(user_type_id) = 'varchar' or type_name(user_type_id) = 'nvarchar' or type_name(user_type_id) ='char' or type_name(user_type_id) ='nchar')
then '(' + cast(max_length as varchar) + ')'
when type_name(user_type_id) = 'decimal'
then '(' + cast([precision] as varchar) + ',' + cast(scale as varchar) + ')'
else ''
end
),
case when is_nullable = 1 then 'Y' else 'N'end,
cast(p.value as nvarchar(4000))
from sys.columns c
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = c.object_id
left outer join sys.extended_properties p on p.major_id = c.object_id and p.minor_id = c.column_id and p.name = 'MS_Description'
where t.id = @i
order by c.column_id
end
Set @maxj = @@rowcount
set @j = 1
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Table Columns</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><th>Sr.</th><th>Name</th><th>Datatype</th><th>Nullable</th><th>Description</th></tr>'
While(@j <= @maxj)
begin
select @Output = '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@j) as varchar) + '</td><td width="150px">' + isnull(name,'') + '</td><td width="150px">' + upper(isnull(Type,'')) + '</td><td width="50px" align="center">' + isnull(Nullable,'N') + '</td><td>' + isnull([description],'') + '</td></tr>'
from #Columns where id = @j
print @Output
Set @j = @j + 1;
end
print '</table>'
--reference key
truncate table #FK
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #FK (Name, col, refObj, refCol)
-- FOR 2000
select object_name(constid), s.name, object_name(rkeyid) , s1.name
from sysforeignkeys f
inner join sysobjects o on o.id = f.constid
inner join syscolumns s on s.id = f.fkeyid and s.colorder = f.fkey
inner join syscolumns s1 on s1.id = f.rkeyid and s1.colorder = f.rkey
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = f.fkeyid
where t.id = @i
order by 1
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #FK (Name, col, refObj, refCol)
-- FOR 2005
select f.name, COL_NAME (fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) , object_name(fc.referenced_object_id) , COL_NAME (fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id)
from sys.foreign_keys f
inner join sys.foreign_key_columns fc on f.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = f.parent_object_id
where t.id = @i
order by f.name
end
Set @maxj = @@rowcount
set @j = 1
if (@maxj >0)
begin
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Refrence Keys</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><th>Sr.</th><th>Name</th><th>Column</th><th>Reference To</th></tr>'
While(@j <= @maxj)
begin
select @Output = '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@j) as varchar) + '</td><td width="150px">' + isnull(name,'') + '</td><td width="150px">' + isnull(col,'') + '</td><td>[' + isnull(refObj,'N') + '].[' + isnull(refCol,'N') + ']</td></tr>'
from #FK where id = @j
print @Output
Set @j = @j + 1;
end
print '</table>'
end
--Default Constraints
truncate table #Constraint
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #Constraint (Name, col, definition)
select object_name(c.constid), col_name(c.id, c.colid), s.text
from sysconstraints c
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = c.id
left outer join syscomments s on s.id = c.constid
where t.id = @i
and
convert(varchar,+ (c.status & 1)/1)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 2)/2)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 4)/4)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 8)/8)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 16)/16)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 32)/32)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 64)/64)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 128)/128) = '10101000'
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #Constraint (Name, col, definition)
select c.name, col_name(parent_object_id, parent_column_id), c.definition
from sys.default_constraints c
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = c.parent_object_id
where t.id = @i
order by c.name
end
Set @maxj = @@rowcount
set @j = 1
if (@maxj >0)
begin
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Default Constraints</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><th>Sr.</th><th>Name</th><th>Column</th><th>Value</th></tr>'
While(@j <= @maxj)
begin
select @Output = '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@j) as varchar) + '</td><td width="250px">' + isnull(name,'') + '</td><td width="150px">' + isnull(col,'') + '</td><td>' + isnull(definition,'') + '</td></tr>'
from #Constraint where id = @j
print @Output
Set @j = @j + 1;
end
print '</table>'
end
--Check Constraints
truncate table #Constraint
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #Constraint (Name, col, definition)
select object_name(c.constid), col_name(c.id, c.colid), s.text
from sysconstraints c
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = c.id
left outer join syscomments s on s.id = c.constid
where t.id = @i
and ( convert(varchar,+ (c.status & 1)/1)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 2)/2)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 4)/4)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 8)/8)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 16)/16)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 32)/32)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 64)/64)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 128)/128) = '00101000'
or convert(varchar,+ (c.status & 1)/1)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 2)/2)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 4)/4)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 8)/8)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 16)/16)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 32)/32)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 64)/64)
+ convert(varchar,(c.status & 128)/128) = '00100100')
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #Constraint (Name, col, definition)
select c.name, col_name(parent_object_id, parent_column_id), definition
from sys.check_constraints c
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = c.parent_object_id
where t.id = @i
order by c.name
end
Set @maxj = @@rowcount
set @j = 1
if (@maxj >0)
begin
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Check Constraints</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><th>Sr.</th><th>Name</th><th>Column</th><th>Definition</th></tr>'
While(@j <= @maxj)
begin
select @Output = '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@j) as varchar) + '</td><td width="250px">' + isnull(name,'') + '</td><td width="150px">' + isnull(col,'') + '</td><td>' + isnull(definition,'') + '</td></tr>'
from #Constraint where id = @j
print @Output
Set @j = @j + 1;
end
print '</table>'
end
--Triggers
truncate table #Constraint
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #Constraint (Name)
select tr.name
FROM sysobjects tr
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = tr.parent_obj
where t.id = @i and tr.type = 'TR'
order by tr.name
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #Constraint (Name)
SELECT tr.name
FROM sys.triggers tr
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = tr.parent_id
where t.id = @i
order by tr.name
end
Set @maxj = @@rowcount
set @j = 1
if (@maxj >0)
begin
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Triggers</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><th>Sr.</th><th>Name</th><th>Description</th></tr>'
While(@j <= @maxj)
begin
select @Output = '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@j) as varchar) + '</td><td width="150px">' + isnull(name,'') + '</td><td></td></tr>'
from #Constraint where id = @j
print @Output
Set @j = @j + 1;
end
print '</table>'
end
--Indexes
truncate table #Indexes
if @SqlVersion = '2000'
begin
insert into #Indexes (Name, type, cols)
select i.name, case when i.indid = 0 then 'Heap' when i.indid = 1 then 'Clustered' else 'Nonclustered' end , c.name
from sysindexes i
inner join sysindexkeys k on k.indid = i.indid and k.id = i.id
inner join syscolumns c on c.id = k.id and c.colorder = k.colid
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = i.id
where t.id = @i and i.name not like '_WA%'
order by i.name, i.keycnt
end
else if @SqlVersion = '2005'
begin
insert into #Indexes (Name, type, cols)
select i.name, case when i.type = 0 then 'Heap' when i.type = 1 then 'Clustered' else 'Nonclustered' end, col_name(i.object_id, c.column_id)
from sys.indexes i
inner join sys.index_columns c on i.index_id = c.index_id and c.object_id = i.object_id
inner join #Tables t on t.object_id = i.object_id
where t.id = @i
order by i.name, c.column_id
end
Set @maxj = @@rowcount
set @j = 1
set @sr = 1
if (@maxj >0)
begin
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><td><b>Indexes</b></td></tr></table>'
print '<table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="750px"><tr><th>Sr.</th><th>Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Columns</th></tr>'
set @Output = ''
set @last = ''
set @current = ''
While(@j <= @maxj)
begin
select @current = isnull(name,'') from #Indexes where id = @j
if @last <> @current and @last <> ''
begin
print '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@sr) as varchar) + '</td><td width="150px">' + @last + '</td><td width="150px">' + @typ + '</td><td>' + @Output + '</td></tr>'
set @Output = ''
set @sr = @sr + 1
end
select @Output = @Output + cols + '' , @typ = type
from #Indexes where id = @j
set @last = @current
Set @j = @j + 1;
end
if @Output <> ''
begin
print '<tr><td width="20px" align="center">' + Cast((@sr) as varchar) + '</td><td width="150px">' + @last + '</td><td width="150px">' + @typ + '</td><td>' + @Output + '</td></tr>'
end
print '</table>'
end
Set @i = @i + 1;
--Print @Output
end
Print '</body>'
Print '</html>'
drop table #Tables
drop table #Columns
drop table #FK
drop table #Constraint
drop table #Indexes
set nocount off
A 와 B 두 데이터베이스의 테이블 및 컬럼속성(데이터 타입 , 길이)를 비교하는 쿼리 입니다.
두 데이터 베이스간의 데이터 동기화를 위해 비교하기 위해 사용.
그때 그때 코딩하거나 찾아보기 귀찮기 때문에
블로그에 포스팅 해둠!
select A.table_name, A.column_name, A.column_default, A.data_type, A.character_maximum_length, B.column_name, B.column_default, B.data_type, B.character_maximum_length from information_schema.columns A left outer join 디비명.information_schema.columns B on A.table_name = B.table_name and A.column_name = B.column_name where (B.column_name is null or B.column_name = '' or A.column_default <> B.column_default or A.data_type <> B.data_type ) -- and (A.table_name like '%테이블 이름%' or A.table_name = '테이블 이름') order by A.table_name, A.column_name
테이블 설명 추가/수정 프로시저 쿼리
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', '등록할 설명', 'user', dbo, 'table','테이블명' EXEC sp_updateextendedproperty 'MS_Description', '수정할 설명', 'user', dbo, 'table','테이블명'